Four-Point Bending
定义 Definition
four-point bending(四点弯曲/四点弯曲试验):一种材料或梁的弯曲测试加载方式。试样在两个支撑点上支承,同时在跨中区域施加两个等值加载点,从而在两加载点之间形成一段近似恒定弯矩、较小剪力的区域,常用于测量材料的抗弯强度、弯曲模量以及裂纹/缺陷对弯曲性能的影响。
(注:在很多工程语境中也可泛指“四点加载的弯曲工况”。)
发音 Pronunciation (IPA)
/ˌfɔːr pɔɪnt ˈbɛndɪŋ/
例句 Examples
Four-point bending is commonly used to measure flexural strength.
四点弯曲常用于测量材料的抗弯强度。
Compared with three-point bending, four-point bending creates a larger constant-moment region, which can reduce the influence of local stress concentration under the loading nose.
与三点弯曲相比,四点弯曲能产生更大的恒弯矩区域,从而降低加载压头处局部应力集中的影响。
词源 Etymology
该术语为工程描述性组合词:four-point 指加载与支承相关的“四个作用点”(通常两支撑点+两加载点),bending 源自动词 bend(弯曲),在力学语境中表示“弯曲变形/受弯”。随着材料力学与试验标准体系的发展,“four-point bending”逐渐固定为一种标准化的弯曲试验称谓。
相关词 Related Words
文献与作品 Literary / Notable Works
- ASTM D6272 — Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending
- ASTM C1161 — Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature(包含三点/四点弯曲配置的讨论与应用)
- ASTM C78/C78M — **Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)**(常与四点弯曲对比引用,用于理解不同加载方式的弯矩分布)
- Gere & Goodno, Mechanics of Materials(材料力学教材中常以四点弯曲作为梁弯矩—剪力分析与实验方法示例)
- Callister, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction(材料性能章节常提及弯曲试验及相关术语,包括四点弯曲的使用场景)